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Disko Bay (; Christensen, N.O. & al. " Elections in Greenland ". Arctic Circular, Vol. 4 (1951), pp. 83–85. Op. cit. "Northern News". Arctic, Vol. 5, No. 1 (Mar 1952), pp. 58–59.) is a large bay on the western coast of Greenland. The bay constitutes a wide southeastern inlet of Baffin Bay.
From the north the bay is bounded by Disko Island, the largest island on the western coast. North of Ilulissat and west of Alluttoq Island the bay transforms into Sullorsuaq Strait separating Qeqertarsuaq from Nuussuaq Peninsula.Nuussuaq, Saga Map, Tage Schjøtt, 1992
It is the largest open bay in western Greenland, measuring north to south and east to west. It has an average depth of and average water temperature of , which in winter drops to and then rises up to in summer.Morten Meldgaard This is changing, as the bay has been gradually warming up since 1997.
Disko Bay has been an important location for centuries. Its coastline was first encountered by Europeans when Erik the Red started a settlement in 985 AD on the more habitable western coast of Greenland. The two settlements, called the Eastern and Western settlements, were sustenance economies that survived on animal husbandry and farming. Soon after the Western settlement was established, the Norsemen travelled up the coast during the summer thaw and discovered Disko Bay.
Their interest in this bay was due to its rich resources: for ivory, pinniped for their pelts, and whales for a variety of materials. These products became the main source of income for the Greenlandic settlers who traded with Iceland, the British Isles, and mainland Europe. Without these resources the settlements would probably not have lasted as long as they did.
Norse accounts describe the area as uninhabited when they first explored it. Norse accounts document an eventual trade arrangement with the Inuit who came from the north and west. For a time, both parties made peaceful use of the bay. Later accounts report fighting and massacres on both sides. However, the primary reason for the abandonment of the Greenlandic settlements was the advent of the Little Ice Age that started in the 15th century. There was such an extreme shift in temperature that Disko Bay became inaccessible even in the warmer summer months, thereby destroying the livelihood of the Greenlandic Norse. Even the Eastern settlement, which was below the Arctic Circle, became too cold for habitation. From that time until Danish colonization in the 18th century, the Inuit controlled the Disko Bay area although English and Dutch whalers sometimes visited the area after it was charted during John Davis's third Greenland expedition in 1587.
The bay is home during spring time to bowhead ( Balaena mysticetus) and humpback ( Megaptera novaeangliae) whales, as well as Pilot ( Globicephala melas), killer whales ( Orcinus orca) and narwhal ( Monodon monoceros). On the shores, various birds can be found such as , , , , , and . Animals such as , Arctic hare and ptarmigan can be encountered around the bay.
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